Following major population declines related to COVID-19 in many cities, population size has been a closely watched indicator. Population size is linked with economic vibrancy because a growing population typically results in higher demand for goods and services, the creation of new businesses, and the generation of more jobs. Furthermore, an expanding population attracts development and investment to the region. For these reasons, population growth is a crucial factor in the City's revenue forecasts. 

Cities with large growing populations often have a wider variety of cultural attractions, various entertainment options, and many recreational opportunities; they are often considered attractive places to visit and live.

The City receives State funding based on population estimates provided by Portland State University’s Population Research Center. As such, the City's population directly influences its revenue: the larger the population, the greater the share of State funding allocated to the City's budget.

The data shows that the City experienced strong year-over-year growth until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Between 2020 and 2021 the City's population declined and the slow growth in the following years has left the population below its pre-pandemic levels.

Population growth is expected to remain slow, but there is greater uncertainty around future forecasts compared to previous years, as demographers and economists continue to analyze emerging trends, such as higher rates of remote work and the resulting changes in mobility.

The data is provided by Portland State University’s Population Research Center (PRC). The U.S. Census offers the most accurate population estimate for the City every ten years. In non-census years, the PRC generates official population estimates for Oregon jurisdictions using local data sources. These more precise population figures are used by the State to allocate revenue to cities, counties, and school districts.

Other estimates of Portland’s population, such as those from the American Community Survey, also exist. However, because the PRC’s estimates are directly tied to funding, they are the most relevant for the City of Portland.

For more information on how Portland State University’s Population Research Center calculates Portland’s yearly population, see their Population Estimate Reports.

Here is more information about the racial and ethnicity of the City of Portland: RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY OF THE POPULATION: Percent of Portlanders who identify as people of color